Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Adenosine Triphosphate Oscillations Caused by Gradual Entry of Substrates within Mitochondria

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) oscillation was observed when the isolated mitochondria were immersed in a pyruvate solution. In addition, an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) added to mitochondrial suspension containing pyruvate, triphosphate (ATP) as well NADH oscillation. At this time, pH within also oscillated. It found that oscillatory reaction of caused by membrane permeation continues, causing and H+ subsequent reactions. The led ATP is considered gradual entry into thought be carried over both citric acid cycle respiratory chain, ultimately leading oxidative phosphorylation. Similarly, it malate causes occurrence NADH, at which point oscillates, followed finally oscillations occur without going through cycle. Oscillations other intermediates chain confirmed experiments using semipermeable membranes. These results support our hypothesis substrate triggers enzyme,